Future

Future

1. Future的应用场景

在并发编程中,我们经常用到非阻塞的模型,在之前的多线程的三种实现中,不管是继承thread类还是实现runnable接口,都无法保证获取到之前的执行结果。通过实现Callback接口,并用Future可以来接收多线程的执行结果。

Future表示一个可能还没有完成的异步任务的结果,针对这个结果可以添加Callback以便在任务执行成功或失败后作出相应的操作。

Future的继承结构

Future的继承结构

1.1 Future接口

public interface Future<V> {

    /**
     * Attempts to cancel execution of this task.  This attempt will
     * fail if the task has already completed, has already been cancelled,
     * or could not be cancelled for some other reason. If successful,
     * and this task has not started when {@code cancel} is called,
     * this task should never run.  If the task has already started,
     * then the {@code mayInterruptIfRunning} parameter determines
     * whether the thread executing this task should be interrupted in
     * an attempt to stop the task.
     *
     * <p>After this method returns, subsequent calls to {@link #isDone} will
     * always return {@code true}.  Subsequent calls to {@link #isCancelled}
     * will always return {@code true} if this method returned {@code true}.
     */
    boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if this task was cancelled before it completed
     * normally.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if this task was cancelled before it completed
     */
    boolean isCancelled();

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if this task completed.
     *
     * Completion may be due to normal termination, an exception, or
     * cancellation -- in all of these cases, this method will return
     * {@code true}.
     */
    boolean isDone();

    /**
     * Waits if necessary for the computation to complete, and then
     * retrieves its result.
     */
    V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;

    /**
     * Waits if necessary for at most the given time for the computation
     * to complete, and then retrieves its result, if available.
     */
    V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
}

对这几个方法做一些简要说明:

get()方法

可以当任务结束后返回一个结果,如果调用时,工作还没有结束,则会阻塞线程,直到任务执行完毕

get(long timeout,TimeUnit unit)

用来获取执行结果,如果在指定时间内,还没获取到结果,就直接返回null。

cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning)方法

可以用来停止一个任务,如果取消任务成功则返回true,如果取消任务失败则返回false。参数mayInterruptIfRunning表示是否允许取消正在执行却没有执行完毕的任务,如果设置true,则表示可以取消正在执行过程中的任务。如果任务已经完成,则无论mayInterruptIfRunning为true还是false,此方法肯定返回false,即如果取消已经完成的任务会返回false;如果任务正在执行,若mayInterruptIfRunning设置为true,则返回true,若mayInterruptIfRunning设置为false,则返回false;如果任务还没有执行,则无论mayInterruptIfRunning为true还是false,肯定返回true。

isDone()方法

判断当前方法是否完成

isCancel()方法

判断当前方法是否取消

也就是说Future提供了三种功能:

  • 判断任务是否完成;
  • 能够中断任务;
  • 能够获取任务执行结果。

因为Future只是一个接口,所以是无法直接用来创建对象使用的,因此就有了下面的FutureTask。

1.2 FutureTask类

更多关于FutureTask,请参考文章:FutureTask


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